Causes & effectsSpina bifida is the result of a defect in the spinal column that develops before a baby is born. The reason why this defect occurs is unknown.
Signs of spina bifida
The signs of spina bifida vary with the type of spina bifida and its severity. Babies born with the mildest form often have no outward signs or symptoms, although they may have a birthmark or a dimple on the skin over the lower spine. In other forms of the disease, however, there are obvious signs. Babies can be born with a fluid-filled sac on their back that may or may not be covered with skin.
Complications of spina bifida
The complications associated with spina bifida can appear at any age, although they usually appear in early childhood. These include:
The most severe type of spina bifida may cause paralysis or loss of all sensation in the legs. In the worst cases, the whole of the lower body may be paralysed and the person may not be able to control their bladder or bowel. In adulthood, men with spina bifida often experience erectile dysfunction.
Repeated urinary tract infections may lead to kidney damage. Also, water on the brain (caused by disrupted circulation of fluid between the spine and the brain) can impair brain function.
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